research paper

Synchrotron X-ray scattering study on amorphous poly(ethylene furanoate) under uniaxial deformation

Researchers combine the mechanical testing and temperature control capabilities of Linkam’s mechanical testing system with x-ray scattering techniques (WAXS/SAXS) to elucidate the crystallisation and deformation induced orientation as a function of stress-strain behaviour and temperature.

Stretching-Induced Uniform Micropores Formation: An in Situ SAXS/WAXS Study

By stretching lamellar polymer films at various temperatures, researchers were able to prepare microporous membranes. They performed SAXS/WAXS characterisation on the stretched samples, and for the first time clarifying the fibre connecting bridges that form when the composite is stretch at raised temperatures. Read how Linkam’s mechanical testing system was key to this research.

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Hot stage microscopy and its applications in pharmaceutical characterization

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This article reviews and summarises the use of hot stage microscopy (HSM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) for pharmaceutical applications.

Access the PDF version here.

Read more about Linkam’s THMS600 for hot stage microscopy and DSC450 for optical differential scanning microscopy.

Full article available per CC BY 4.0.

Kumar, A., Singh, P. & Nanda, A. Hot stage microscopy and its applications in pharmaceutical characterization. Appl. Microsc. 50, 12 (2020). DOI: 10.1186/s42649-020-00032-9

Phase transitions in secnidazole: Thermal stability and polymorphism studied by X-ray powder diffraction, thermal analysis and vibrational spectroscopy

Here, researchers use techniques such as Raman spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and hot stage microscopy with Linkam’s FTIR600 to observe the dehydration process of the antimicrobial drug secnidazole, which aids quality control and development of solid pharmaceutical formulations.

Read the full paper here (access required).

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Process control of a dropwise additive manufacturing system for pharmaceuticals using polynomial chaos expansion based surrogate model

In this article published in the Journal of Computers and Chemical Engineering, researchers use a hot stage/ polarised microscopy setup (with a THMS600) as part of a process control automation procedure for pharmaceutical formulations.

Read the full paper here (access required).

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Mannitol/l-Arginine-Based Formulation Systems for Freeze Drying of Protein Pharmaceuticals: Effect of the l-Arginine Counter Ion and Formulation Composition on the Formulation Properties...

In this study, Linkam’s FDCS196 was used to freeze dry pharmaceutical formulations to obtain partially crystalline solids. They show that these mannitol/l-arginine-based formulations can be freeze dried in a fast process to produce a viable cake structure.

Read the full paper here (access required).

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Preparation of pharmaceutical cocrystal formulations via melt mixing technique: A thermodynamic perspective

In this work, researchers use a hot stage microscopy setup with Linkam’s THMS600 to characterise the thermodynamic properties of cocrystal formulations and gauge their eligibility for large-scale pharmaceutical applications.

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Multiple approaches to pharmaceutical polymorphism investigation—A case study

In this work, researchers use Linkam’s LTS350 (now LTS420) stage to characterise the physiochemical properties of a pharmaceutical solid compound in four different forms (anhydrous polymorphs (Forms I and II) and two monohydrates (Forms III and IV)) to evaluate its suitability for pharmaceutical development.

Read the full paper here (access required).

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“Predicting” Polymorphs of Pharmaceuticals Using Hydrogen Bond Propensities: Probenecid and Its Two Single‐Crystal‐to‐Single‐Crystal Phase Transitions

See how Linkam’s THMS600-PS and Imaging Station are used to screen polymorphs for pharmaceutical applications, using hot stage microscopy to analyse their crystal formation behaviour.

Read the full paper here (access required).

In-situ synchrotron SAXS and WAXS investigations on deformation and α–β transformation of uniaxial stretched poly(vinylidene fluoride)

Read how Linkam’s mechanical testing system was used to study the crystalline structure evolution of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) during tensile deformation at 60 °C, 140 °C and 160 °C, i.e. between the glass transition temperature (Tg) and the melting temperature (Tm), was investigated by in-situ synchrotron SAXS and WAXS techniques.